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WHARTON USAGE

This alphabetized index includes Wharton's preferred style, recommended usage, and tips on grammar, along with terminology specific to Wharton. Wherever possible, follow these guidelines in your communications. Clear and consistent style reflects positively on the School overall and enhances the impact of your message.

abbreviations and acronyms: Use full title in first reference; use acronym in subsequent reference. Omit periods in the names of degrees, programs, and titles, including: PhD, MBA, MS, BA, BS, AMP, WCIT, CEO, COO, CFO, EVP, IPO, MD.

• Use unpunctuated postal abbreviations for states, but use U.S. and U.K.
• Use a.m. and p.m., not am and pm.
• Use "noon", not "12:00 noon."

academic departments: Wharton's 11 academic departments offer world-leading expertise and innovative learning in every area of today's global business. See Academic Departments.

active/passive verbs: Use active verbs instead of passive constructions: "Professor Smith teaches the class" instead of "This class is taught by Professor Smith." Whenever possible, avoid "is" as the main verb in a sentence in favor of a more dynamic or specific verb.

apostrophes: Apostrophes indicate possession, never plurals:

• "The orange's rind was bitter" but "We bought a kilo of oranges." Decades ("the 1970s") do not have an apostrophe.
• Plural last names ("This house belongs to the Smiths") do not have an apostrophe. Plural abbreviations ("PhDs") do not have an apostrophe.
• "It's" means "it is." It does not mean "belonging to it," e.g., "The ship dropped its anchor." "Its" never has an apostrophe when it means "belonging to it."

administration: Do not capitalize within text, e.g., "The administration determined to eliminate breaks from the workday."

adviser or advisor: An educator who advises students in academic and personal matters.

Alfred P. West Jr. Learning Lab: Use full title in first reference; use Learning Lab in subsequent references.

alumni and alumnae: A male graduate is an "alumnus"; a female graduate is an "alumna." Two or more female graduates are "alumnae." "Alumni" is used for a group of male alumni or a group of mixed male/female alumni. Avoid use of "alums" in Wharton communications. Also see "degree abbreviations."

ampersand (&): Use ampersand only when it is part of a formal name or needed for fit in publication lists or web page navigation. The ampersand should not be used in place of "and."

Anvil Society: Recognition level for donors to the Wharton Fund of $50,000-$99,999. In honor of Wharton's 100th anniversary, the Anvil Society was established to recognize donors who gave $50,000-$99,999 to the Wharton Fund. The anvil reflects Joseph Wharton's pioneering work in the metal industry, and has become a symbol for those individuals whose commitment to the School has set them apart as leaders and role models for fellow alumni and future generations of students.

Benjamin Franklin Society: Created 45 years ago to recognize leadership donations to the University, membership in the Benjamin Franklin Society (BFS) begins at $2,490 of unrestricted giving to the Wharton Fund. Do not use the abbreviation BFS in formal writing, but, internally, it is referred to as BFS.

center/program: Use the full name of the program or center in the first reference, and then shorten it appropriately. Do not capitalize the abbreviation if it does not include some or all of the proper name. Example: Thank you for your gift to the Samuel Zell and Robert Lurie Real Estate Center at the Wharton School. Your generosity allows the center to break new ground in the real estate industry.

child care: Two words, meaning a service involving care for other people's children.

commas: Commas are used to prevent confusion in meaning. Commas also separate independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction including: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet. For example: The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave.

• Use the serial comma. In other words, use a comma before "and" in a series of objects or adjectives. Example: We want to go to the park, the zoo, and the movies.
• Use a comma or commas to set off the abbreviations Jr., Sr., and Esq. Example: Carl Harris, Jr., is here now.
• Use commas to separate parts of geographical places. Example: Have you visited St. Louis, Missouri?
• Use a comma to separate an introductory word or phrase from the sentence that follows. Example: Oh, I heard that before.
• Use a comma to set off a short clause at the end of the sentence. Example: You are going to town, aren't you?
• Use commas in a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
• Use a comma to introduce a quote, e.g., Sally said, "I won't go." However, use a colon to introduce a long quotation.

coursework: One word, meaning a specified amount of work undertaken in an educational course which leads to its completion; also, the educational courses taken to attain a degree.

China Europe International Business School (CEIBS): Use full title in first reference; use CEIBS in subsequent references.

China Knowledge@Wharton: The China version of Knowledge@Wharton, published in Mandarin, launched in March 2005. See Knowledge@Wharton.

dashes and hyphens:

Em-dashes (—) separate sentence fragments and are often used to emphasize a key point. For example, "Contributing to education — to the solution of society's problems — is an important goal." Wharton Publications recommends putting spaces on both sides of an em-dash, especially in website text, to make the text easier to read. To insert an em-dash, go to insert, then symbol, then special characters. Be wary of overuse.

En-dashes (–) separate numbers in traditionally typeset copy (generally years, dates, and times of day), as in 1987–88, March 17–21, and 11:00 a.m.–12:30 p.m. To insert an en-dash, go to insert, then symbol, then special characters.

Hyphens (-) separate word clusters as in Steinberg Hall-Dietrich Hall and Lauder-Fischer Hall. Hyphenate a compound modifier (two or more words that combine to express a single concept) when it appears before a noun. Hyphens are also used with co-founder, co-director, and co-chairperson, but they are not used with vice dean and vice president. There is no space before and after a hyphen.

Examples:

• decision-making models / models for decision making
• on-campus housing / housing on campus
• entry-level position / position at entry level
• second-year students / students in their second year
• middle- and upper-level managers (the standard solution to the combined usage)

database: One word, meaning a collection of data arranged for ease of use.

dates: Can be represented as February 14 and 14 February. Never use superscript. Leave off "th," "st," and "rd" from ordinal numbers in dates, for example: "May 10" rather than "May 10th." Avoid using numbers only to show month/date/year as date conventions vary across Wharton's global audience. For instance, 05/12/06 may be construed as "December 5, 2006" in Europe, while it is read as "May 12, 2006" in the United States.

Use an en-dash to separate the numbers of a date range. A comma is required after the year when a date appears within the body of a sentence. Example: "I hope you will be able to join us for the next Combined Boards Meeting, which will be held October 12–13, 2006, in Philadelphia."

Other ways to correctly represent a date:

• day: Saturday, not: Sat or saturday
• month: February, not: Feb or february
• year: December 1983 or February 17, 1958, not: December, 1983 or February 17 1958 Succession of years: 2000–06 or 1996–2005.
• decade: 1830s, not 1830's
• century: 18th century or eighteenth century (Note: century is not capitalized, and "1700s" is not a century, but a decade)
• circa: When only an approximate date is available the abbreviation "c." (Latin: circa, "about") may be used

Also see "time."

Dean: Dean or Dean of the Wharton School. Do not capitalize dean in subsequent references. See "titles."

degree abbreviations (Wharton Alumni):

• GR Wharton Doctorate (PhD issued by the School of Arts and Sciences)
• W Wharton Bachelor's Degree (undergraduate)
• WG Wharton Master's Degree (MBA)

When referring to Wharton alumni in text, always include their degree abbreviation and year. Use a comma to separate the name from the degree abbreviation. The degree abbreviation is followed by an apostrophe and the last two digits of the graduation year, e.g., "John Smith, WG'07." For dual or joint degrees, give the individual degree abbreviations, with the apostrophe and year, separated by a comma. Example: for Tom Jones, a 2004 graduate of the Huntsman Program, the degree abbreviation would be, "Tom Jones, W'04, C'04."

department chairpersons: Use "Chairperson" not "Chair."

deputy provost: See "titles."

dot-com: Hyphenated word, meaning a company that conducts its business, solely or mainly, on the internet.

e.g.: When you mean "for example," use e.g. It is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase exempli gratia. When you mean "that is," use "i.e." It is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase id est.

e-mail: Hyphenated word, meaning sending and receiving messages electronically over a computer network.

em-dash and en-dash: See "dashes and hyphens."

endowed (named) professorships:

• Schoolwide endowed professorships exist in addition to a professor's appointment in a department. In these cases, list both titles, separated by a semi-colon, with the endowed professorship first: e.g., Michael Useem, William and Jacalyn Egan Professor; Professor of Management.
• A schoolwide endowed professorship with a field attached (e.g., the Jacob Safra Professor of International Business) follows the same format: e.g., Richard Herring, Jacob Safra Professor of International Business; Professor of Finance.
• Endowed professorships tied to a specific field include the field in their title. In these cases, the professor has only one appointment: e.g., Sidney G. Winter, Deloitte and Touche Professor of Management.
• Wharton Faculty webpages are the best resource for professors' exact titles.
• Use "the" before an endowed professorship only when referring to the professorship itself and not its holder: e.g., "the Deloitte and Touche Professorship of Management" but "Deloitte and Touche Professor Sidney Winter."

executive boards: Members of Wharton's executive advisory boards help define and implement the School's strategic mission and goals. Wharton's advisory boards are: Board of Overseers; Graduate Executive Board; Undergraduate Executive Board; Executive Board for Asia; Executive Board for Europe, Africa and the Middle East; Executive Board for Latin America; Wharton Alumni Association Board of Directors.

Executive Education: see Wharton Executive Education.

fewer and less: "Fewer" refers to items that can be counted; "less" refers to items that cannot be counted. Example: He has less stress when he teaches fewer students.

Floor: in addresses, Floor should always be capitalized, i.e., 14th Floor.

fundraising: One word, meaning raising money for a charitable organization.

gerund: A gerund functions as a noun and is formed from a verb. Every gerund, without exception, ends in -ing. Thus, gerunds are subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.

Examples:

• I appreciate you taking the time out of your busy schedule to meet with me. Incorrect
• I appreciate your taking the time out of your busy schedule to meet with me. Correct

hands-on: Hyphenated word, meaning active participation.

health care: Two words, meaning the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions.

holidays: Do not make reference to specific holidays such as Christmas or Passover in your writing, but refer to "the holiday" in generic form.

hyphens: See "dashes and hyphens."

Huntsman Program in International Studies & Business: A four-year undergraduate program in which students pursue two degrees, a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies from the School of Arts and Sciences and a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the Wharton School. May be referred to as the Huntsman Program in IS&B in second reference.

India Knowledge@Wharton: The India version of Knowledge@Wharton, published in English, with articles focused on India. It launched in 2006. See Knowledge@Wharton.

INSEAD: See "Wharton/INSEAD Alliance."

i.e.: See "e.g."

italics: Use italics for book titles, course titles, newspaper titles, radio and television series, movies, plays, magazines, and online newspapers and magazines. Do not use italics for an initial "the" when newspapers and periodicals are mentioned in text. Example: She reads the New York Times every morning.

Use italics for foreign words that are not typcial American usage, e.g., voila or gracias.

Do not use italics or quotation marks for the names of software programs. Treat them as brand names and capitalize them, e.g., Microsoft Word.

interdisciplinary: Involving two or more academic disciplines.

international and regional offices: Wharton maintains international and regional offices in Korea, Thailand, Tokyo, and Shanghai. They serve as resources to assist prospective and current students, faculty, alumni, and corporate representatives throughout the world.

internet: A system of networks that connects computers around the world. Do not capitalize within text.

intranet: A system of networks that connects computers throughout an organization. Do not capitalize within text.

Jerome Fisher Program in Management & Technology: A four-year undergraduate program in which students pursue two degrees, a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the Wharton School and either a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) or a Bachelor of Applied Science in Engineering (BAS) from Penn Engineering. May be referred to as M&T in second reference.

Jon M. Huntsman Hall: This $139.9 million, 324,000 square-foot facility on 38th and Walnut Streets is named for Wharton alumnus Jon M. Huntsman, W'50, Hon'96, a corporate leader and philanthropist who donated $40 million to the School as the founding gift towards the building's construction. Use the full building name in the initial reference and Huntsman Hall in subsequent references.

Joseph Wharton Society: Recognition level for gifts to the Wharton Fund of $25,000-$49,999. Do not use the abbreviated form.

Standard text is as follows:
Wharton's founder was a visionary who left a legacy of excellence. Like him, these donors who have given $25,000 to $49,999 to the Wharton Fund this fiscal year are paving the way for generations to come. As part of the 125th-anniversary celebration, the Joseph Wharton Club was renamed the Joseph Wharton Society to reflect the development of this group into a well-established entity that makes a decided impact on the Wharton community. By recognizing the need for unrestricted giving at a high level, Joseph Wharton Society members set important annual giving standards that help to build upon a strong foundation of support to the Wharton Fund.

Knowledge@Wharton: The online business analysis and research journal of the Wharton School. This journal is available in several languages, including Mandarin (China Knowledge@Wharton), and Spanish and Portuguese (Universia Knowledge@Wharton). India Knowledge@Wharton, a special English-language version that focuses on India, launched in 2006. Knowledge@Wharton may be referred to as K@W in subsequent references.

long term/long-term: Hyphenate only when used as a compound adjective.

Examples:

• We will win in the long term.
• He has a long-term assignment.

midterm: The middle of an academic term or a political term of office. One word, do not hyphenate.

modeled: To make conform to a chosen standard.

modeling: To display by wearing or posing.

multidisciplinary: Of, relating to, or making use of several disciplines at once.

multinational: A company or corporation operating in more than two countries.

names: When referring to a person in text use his or her full name in first reference. Use only the last name in subsequent references. Spelling and formatting of company names should be accurate even if they conflict with normal usage, e.g., Yahoo! or GlaxoSmithKline.

Example:
Janice Bellace was appointed deputy provost for the University of Pennsylvania last fall. This past year, Bellace oversaw both undergraduate and graduate education, in addition to supervising the faculty appointments and tenure process at Penn.

noncredit: Of, relating to, or constituting an educational course that does not offer credit toward an academic degree. One word, do not hyphenate.

nonprofit: pertaining to an organization or company established for charitable, educational, or humanitarian purposes and not for making money. One word, do not hyphenate.

numbers: Spell out numbers one through nine when used in a sentence. Use figures for 10 and above. Also, numbers beginning a sentence must always be spelled out. For example: Three times a year, the Wharton School comes together to connect alumni around the world. Also see "dates."

Other ways to correctly represent numbers:

• Use commas to divide numbers of more than three digits, e.g., 2,567.
• Use hyphens for numbers in compound adjectives, e.g., a 34-year-old man.
• Use figures for all numbers in a list if one of the nubmers is more than one digit, e.g., .06 percent, 1 percent, and 12 percent.

online: Connected to a computer or computer network.

over and more than: Use "more than" when you mean in excess of or greater than. Use "over" when you mean higher in position or when referring to age. Example: More than 50 students in the class are over 21.

percent: When indicating a percentage in text, use the word "percent", not the symbol %. Example: When the 2006 MBA class achieved a rate of 98 percent participation, they were able to double their gift with the help of two alumni challenge grants. The % symbol may be used only in tables and info-boxes. When used, there is no space between the number and the % symbol.

periods: In all correspondence, use two spaces after a period, before beginning another sentence. In press/gift releases, publications, and website text, use one space after a period. Periods go inside quotation marks at the end of the sentence. Omit periods in degree abbreviations and acronyms, e.g., PhD, MBA, AMP, WCIT. Use unpunctuated U.S. Postal Service abbreviations for states, but use U.S. and U.K.

post office box: Use "PO Box" in address block within correspondence.

prerequisite: Required or necessary as a prior condition.

President of the University of Pennsylvania: Use the capitalized full phrase in first reference and "President" in subsequent references.

pre-term: The period that occurs before the beginning of the academic term.

program/center: See center/program.

pronouns

• A singular noun takes a singular pronoun: "A mother loves her children" not "A mother loves their children." A plural noun takes a plural pronoun: "All students should hand in their homework."
• Try to avoid using "he" as a generic pronoun. Often this can be done by making a sentence plural or by eliminating the pronoun entirely. Example: "All students must hand in their homework" or "Every student must hand in homework."
• If a generic pronoun is unavoidable, do not use "he." In more formal text, use "he or she." In less formal text, you can use "s/he."

quotation marks

• Commas and periods always go inside quotation marks. Example: "It is time," said the dean, "for the school year to begin."
• Semicolons and colons always go outside quotation marks.
• Question marks and exclamation points go inside quotation marks if they are part of the quotation itself. Example: I asked myself, "What is the meaning of life?" But: When will we finish what someone called "this long, hard slog"?
• A quotation inside a quotation is set off with single quotation marks: The dean said: "Let us remember that, as Franklin Roosevelt said, 'the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.'"

Report to Investors: The Report to Investors is an annual publication acknowledging all donors who made gifts to the Wharton School during the fiscal year (July 1–June 30).

research centers and intiatives: Wharton's more than 20 research centers and initiatives reflect the full diversity and rigor of research interests and activity at the School. These interdisciplinary centers serve as a meeting of the minds for Wharton and Penn faculty, students, and members of the business community, who come together to study and debate key business challenges. Their work generates courses, academic programs, community outreach, published research, and partnerships among academics, government, and industry. See Centers and Initiatives.

salutations: First names are used only when you have met someone. Refer to the Forms of Address table for additional salutation rules.

semicolons: A semicolon is used to avoid comma confusion. Semicolons are used in lists when the items in the list already include commas, as is often the case with lists of professors and/or alumni. Example: Steven Kimbrough, professor of operations and information management; Sally Smith, WG'86; and Nicholas Gonedes, professor of accounting.

A semincolon's grammatical use is to separate two independent clauses, which could stand along as two complete sentences. Example: Use the Wharton School in the first reference; use Wharton in subsequent references.

Social Impact Management: The Social Impact Management Initiative (SIM) is a collaborative entrepreneurial venture, based at Wharton, that unites all of the University of Pennsylvania's social impact efforts. Use SIM in subsequent references.

SPIKE: SPIKE is a suite of online tools designed for Wharton students and built into one web-based interface. It is not an acronym.

states: In address blocks, use the U.S. Postal Service abbreviations for states for states. When a state is mentioned in the body of a letter or report, it should be spelled out, i.e.: New York, Massachusetts, California, etc.

superscript: Never use superscript. Leave off "th," "st," and "rd" from ordinal numbers in dates, for example: "May 10" rather than "May 10th."

time: Use figures except for noon and midnight. Identify morning and evening hours as a.m. and p.m., for example: 11 a.m., 1 p.m., 3:30 p.m. Avoid redundancies such as 10 a.m. this morning; instead use 10 a.m. today. Also see "dates."

titles: Capitalize formal titles when they are used immediately before a name (i.e., Dean Tom Robertson, Professor Janet Pack).

Lowercase titles when they are not used with an individual's name (i.e., The dean spoke before the graduating class).

Lowercase titles in the body of text, and when they are set off from a name by commas. (i.e., Len Lodish, vice dean of Wharton West, will be contacting you soon.)

Capitalize titles within the address block of correspondence.

URL: An internet address. Example: http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/.

United States: Use U.S. to refer to the United States. Also see "States."

University of Pennsylvania: may be referred to as Penn or the University in second reference; should never be referred to as the University of Penn.

WAVE: Wharton's online alumni community, WAVE facilitates communication among alumni through a searchable directory, class notes, and a calendar of events both on and off campus.

website: Lowercase and all one word to reference a site on the internet.

World Wide Web: Should be capitalized because it is a proper name. May be shortened in informal writing to "web."

Washington, District of Columbia: The correct inclusion of the city of Washington, DC in an address is without periods between "D" and "C". When referring to Washington, DC in the text of a letter, only include "DC" when referring to a proper name (i.e., the Wharton Club of Washington, DC or the Wharton Club of Washington, DC Scholarship Fund).

WCIT: Wharton Computing and Information Technology.

Wharton European Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative: The Wharton European Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative started with a $1 million gift in June 2005 from current and former members of the Wharton Executive Board for Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It is designed to support research on corporate ethics and responsible investment with a focus on business in the U.S. and Europe.

WEMBA: Former title of the Wharton MBA Program for Executives. This acronym is no longer used.

Wharton alumni clubs: Wharton has more than 80 alumni clubs that create local hubs within an expanding worldwide community.

Wharton Council: The Wharton Council is the organization that oversees and coordinates all undergraduate Wharton clubs and activities. The Wharton Graduate Association (WGA) serves the same function for MBAs.

Wharton Entrepreneurial Programs (WEP): Supports and seeds innovation and entrepreneurship globally through teaching, research, and outreach to a range of organizations, programs, initiatives, and research centers. Use WEP in subsequent references.

Wharton Executive Education: A division of the School that works with companies and individuals in a 9- to 12-month learning process that is designed collaboratively with clients, delivered by Wharton faculty, and monitored to produce specific outcomes.

Wharton Follies: One of the most active MBA student clubs at Wharton. Each year, Follies members write and perform an original musical comedy that exposes the amusing side of business school and corporate life.

Wharton Fund: Wharton's unrestricted donor fund. The Wharton Fund should never be referred to as "the Wharton Annual Fund" or "the Annual Fund."

Wharton Global Alumni Forums: Held three times a year in different locations, the Global Alumni Forums are used as an outreach tool to better connect alumni around the world. Use "the Forum" in subsequent references.

Wharton Graduate Association (WGA): The student government organization of Wharton's graduate program, the WGA is the primary vehicle for coordinating and managing student activities and initiatives, both academic and extracurricular. Use WGA in subsequent references.

Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Awards (WIBTA): Annual awards given by the Wharton School and Infosys Technology Ltd., the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Awards (WIBTA) recognize visionaries and organizations that use technology in an innovative and creative manner to revolutionize their industries. Use WIBTA in subsequent references.

Wharton-INSEAD Alliance: The alliance between the Wharton School and INSEAD combines the resources of two world leaders in management education to deliver top-quality business education to students and executives across four dedicated campuses: Wharton's U.S. campuses in Philadelphia and San Francisco, and those of INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, and Singapore.

Wharton MBA Program: Wharton's academic program offering a Master of Business Administration degree. You may use MBA in subsequent references. We do not use Master's or Master's degree to describe the program.

Wharton MBA Program for Executives: A degree-granting MBA program equivalent to the full-time MBA program. The program is designed for middle- and upper-level managers who wish to continue their careers while advancing their management knowledge through the MBA program. You may use Executive MBA or MBA for Executives in subsequent references.

Wharton Programs for Working Professionals (WPWP): Wharton Programs for Working Professionals offers post-baccalaureate programs of study designed for career-minded working adults who do not have previous coursework in business. Use WPWP in subsequent references.

Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS): A comprehensive web-based data management system that allows faculty and students to easily retrieve information from a wide variety of financial, economic, and marketing data sources. Developed in 1993 to support faculty research at the Wharton School, the service has since evolved to include more than 200 prominent academic institutions and financial research organizations. Use WRDS in subsequent references.

Wharton School: May be referred to as Wharton or the School in second reference; should never be referred to as the "Wharton School of Business." If citing in text as "the Wharton School," never capitalize "the" unless this phrase begins the sentence (e.g., "The Wharton School is pleased to present" versus "Presented by the Wharton School, this program provides"). Also see "Wharton boilerplate."

Wharton Partnership: The Wharton Partnership is the Wharton School's corporate relations program for fostering industry/academic collaboration. The Partnership engages with more than 200 corporations and foundations. Use "the Partnership" in subsequent references.

Wharton School Publishing (WSP): A joint venture between the Wharton School and Pearson, Wharton School Publishing is aimed at cultivating thought-leading authors who provide a deep understanding of the changes in the our world and their implications, who help readers acquire new ways to evaluate business and environmental challenges, and who provide practical applications and solutions in finance, management, and strategy.

Wharton West: The Wharton School's campus in San Francisco offers the MBA Program for Executives, Executive Education courses and custom programs for companies, alumni programs, and conferences.

Wharton Women: Wharton's MBA and undergraduate programs support student organizations that focus on the personal and career development of women in business. The name of the undergraduate club is "Wharton Women." The name of the MBA club is "Wharton Women in Business (WWIB)."

Whitney M. Young, Jr. Conference: Through the Whitney M. Young, Jr. Memorial Conference, the African-American community at the Wharton School acknowledges and memorializes the contributions and ideals of Whitney M. Young, Jr., an educator, humanitarian, author, and civil rights leader.

Young Franklin Society: Membership recognition level within the Wharton Fund for classes up to 5th year reunion beginning with gifts of $1,000.

ZIP codes: There must be two spaces between the end of the state abbreviation and the zip code, i.e., New York, NY 10010.

For additional information, concerns, or support, please contact the Communications Office.