The Wharton School and the University of Pennsylvania must reserve the right to make changes affecting policies, fees, curricula, or any other matters announced here.

While the School endeavors to offer as many of the courses as possible, not all courses are offered every semester. It is important to check with individual departments prior to scheduling classes to determine the availability of courses for any given semester.

MGMT 900 Economic Foundation of Research in Management
This seminar explores the foundation questions of the strategy field-the questions that keep reappearing in ever-changing guises when specific strategic issues are confronted in a variety of contexts. There are substantial social science literatures dealing with most of these questions. The major purpose of the seminar is to expose students to samples of these literatures and to point out their relevance to strategy. The contributions of economic thinking to the strategy field receive disproportionate attention, but not to the point where they crowd other disciplines or strategy itself off the stage.

MGMT 918 Seminar in Human Resource Management
This course will focus on contemporary research on employment issues as it relates to theories in organizational studies, sociology, and labor economics. The course analyzes these issues from both the individual and firm level of analysis.

MGMT 925 Research Seminar in Corporate Strategy
The seminar is built around published empirical research in corporate strategy. Articles for discussion will be drawn from journals in several fields, including economics, the behavioral sciences, management science, business administration, and elsewhere. Students will take turns leading the seminar discussion (with the help of the instructor). Each week each student will turn in a two- to three-page "critique" of each article. Each student will present a book report to the class during the semester—15 minutes oral and four or five pages written.

MGMT 932 Pro-Seminar in Management
See the Department for a current description of the course content. The course content varies each year. Recent offerings have included Qualitative Methods and Entrepreneurship.

MGMT 933 Psychological and Sociological Foundations of Research in Management
Management 933 provides students with discipline-based foundations of theory and research. Specifically, this course explores the intellectual history of psychology and sociology in management beginning in the early 1900s to the 1970's. Topics include: the social context of individual behavior, motivation and job satisfaction, organizational context and bureaupathology, industrial and organizational selection, training and development.

MGMT 935 Network Theory & Applications
This course explores network analysis models and their applications to organizational phenomena. By examining the structure of relations among actors, network approaches seek to explain variations in beliefs, behaviors, and outcomes. The beauty of network analysis is its underlying mathematical nature-network ideas and measures apply equally well at micro and macro levels of analysis. In this course, then, we will read and discuss articles both at the micro level (where the network actors are individuals within organizations) and at the macro level (where the network actors are organizations within larger communities) that utilize network constructs such as cohesion, structural equivalence, centrality, autonomy, and cliques. There may also be demonstrations of network software to assist you with empirical analyses.

MGMT 937 Entrepreneurship
This seminar seeks to expose students to theoretical and empirical perspectives on entrepreneurship research. We will focus on the main questions that define the field and attempt to critically examine how, using a range of methodologies, researchers have approached these questions.

MGMT 951 Seminar in Micro-Organizational Behavior
This course is a research seminar on micro and meso theories of organizational behavior. The main objective of this seminar is to examine theoretical statements of individual and group behavior in organizations, to examine how organizational variables affect such behavior, to discuss and evaluate critically some empirical studies based on these theories, and finally, to understand the emerging general direction of the area.

MGMT 952 Seminar in Macro-Organizational Behavior
A critical review and analysis of contemporary theory and research on complex organization structure, process, and performance. Weekly faculty and student presentations and discussions will include detailed treatments of organization design, change, and reorganization, as well as inter-organizational relationships. Opportunities are provided to develop diagnostic and research skills in specialized topics the student may select.

MGMT 953 Research Methods
This seminar introduces the doctoral student to the ways and means of doing research and delivering it in the form of papers and/or monographs. The course offers an overview of theory development, the logic of research, the relationship between theoretical and empirical constructs, a wide variety of specific research methodologies, and the scholarly publication process.

MGMT 955 Seminar in International Management
An introduction to the literature of international management. The course will deal with topics such as the theory of the international firm, global competition, organizing for global operations, market entry, innovation, and comparative management. It serves both as an introduction to international management for all doctoral students and as a foundation for more advanced work in the field.

MGMT 999 Independent Study
In-depth independent study in an area of special interest to the student, to be arranged with a faculty member in that field.